认知语言学视角下的事件语法研究

事件语法研究事件在语言表征和语言认知中的作用。事件语法的基本主张为：从语言现象本身研究语言，无法触及语言的本质；深入研究语言问题，必须首先深入研究事件。事件语法研究涵盖共时层面的事件表征、事件范畴化研究，和历时层面的事件融合、事件语法化研究。研究方法包括视频实验法和基于语料库的研究方法，统计手段主要为多维变量统计方法。

李福印：This article addresses the nature of the macro-event, a fundamental concept for the Talmyan two-way typology, proposing a diachronic aspect of the macro-event, an aspect that seems to be under-appreciated or even neglected. It argues that a macro-event results from the integration of two simpler events through grammaticalization in Mandarin. This hypothesis is supported by the behavior of directional complements in Mandarin Chinese in that these directional complements in combination with the main verbs can express all the five types of the macro-events that Talmy has analyzed to establish his typology, and that these macro-events themselves represent an integration of two simpler events and exhibit various degrees of grammaticalization. This study brings together two seemingly unrelated areas of research, that is, the area of event structure and that of grammaticalization, thus providing a new perspective on the Talmyan typological paradigm.

邓宇：This study used electroencephalographic evoked response potentials to investigate the processing of fictive motion and literal motion during natural language comprehension. A hypothesis is that the motion component of a verb is preserved in both literal and fictive motion constructions (‘The army/The bridge crossed the river’). However, the incorporation of a motion-event frame into fictive motion constructions requires reanalysis or reconstruction both syntactically and semantically. Comparing fictive motion constructions to literal motion constructions revealed a larger P300 at presentation of the subject noun phrase, a larger P600 at motion verbs, and an N400 modulation on the sentence-final complement noun phrases. These results suggest that the processing of fictive motion requires increased cognitive effort relative to literal motion condition, particularly computations related to thematic role assignment and semantic unification to construct a motion-event frame involving mental simulation of motion.

任龙波：This study intends to investigate the conceptualization and typology of spatial stationary events from the perspective of cognitive semantics. Leonard Talmy (2000b: 222) states that, both English and Chinese are satellite-framed languages (S-language), which is called the Talmyan S-language hypothesis of English and Chinese. Spatial stationary events are what Talmy termed locatedness (Talmy 2000b: 25). The conceptualization and typology of spatial stationary events is seldom touched upon in the research of motion events which are the prototype of macro-events (Talmy 2000b, 2016, 2017b; Li 2018, 2020; Ren 2021; Li & Liu 2022). The main purpose of this study is to analyze conceptualization process of this type of events. The methodology here is qualitative analyses followed by empirical research. This study collects linguistic data by elicitation experiments using the stimuli: BowPed Series and PosB series. By using these two series, twenty-six Chinese native speakers and six English native speakers are interviewed. And both quantitative and qualitative analyses are conducted with the elicited data. A significant part of stationary events, according to our research, are mainly expressed by locative expressions such as spatial adpositions and positional verbs.

李金妹：Li sets forth a new theoretical model of how speakers of various languages verbalize events having varying degrees of internal complexity – a four-dimensional model for event integration, which is a new method for investigating the language-thought interface by analyzing participants’ conceptualization and lexicalization patterns of dynamic events. This four-dimensional model falls into two parts: conceptual event integration and syntactic integration. Conceptually, four dimensions determining which events can be conceptualized as an integrated macro-event are identified, including spatial and/or temporal integration, participant integration, event-type integration and relation integration. Syntactically, the morphosyntactic counterpart proposed as realizing conceptual event integration is the monoclausal construction derived from multiple clauses.

靳俊杰：The present paper follows a bidimensional approach of aspect to conduct a corpus-based aspectual analysis of verb concatenation with imperfective markers zhe (henceforth VCIMs zhe) in Mandarin. Specifically, to construe the cognitive inference mechanism of aspect, a multifactorial analysis of VCIMs zhe by the statistical techniques of multiple correspondence analysis, conditional inference trees and conditional random forests is carried out to explore the prototypical temporal features of verbs in two slots, predict the aspectual meanings of two imperfective markers zhe, and also discuss the conditional importance of factors such as durativity, dynamicity, telicity, boundedness, and slot in identifying the situation types of two verbs or verb phrases in VCIMs zhe.

沈煜：The Qu disposal constructions (“取+[N]+VP”) in Binaiye are types of early disposal constructions in Chinese history, but most N after Qu can be analysed as the subject (better called as topic) of VP, rather than the moved object of VP. It is also unnecessary to consider this structure as a special less-compositional construction roughly. In general, this grammatical relation still conforms to the basic structure of Chinese, which is the topic-comment structure (also called dui-pattern). However, “取+N+杀/弑” is the most special Qu disposal construction in Binaiye. Considering its structural features and distribution in other translated Middle Chinese Buddhist sutras, with the language background and translation ideas (and also translation attitudes) of those translators, we can suggest that “取+N+杀/弑” be mainly a personal translation strategy of Zhu Fonian(竺佛念), and also be interfered by the OV word order in the target language.

李天宇：Chinese synthetic verbs simultaneously express manner information and path/result information, but encode them into separate root slots under Beavers and Koontz-Garboden’s (2012) scopal modifier test, so they differ from English “manner+result verbs” and further challenge the manner/result complementarity hypothesis. Synthetic verbs followed by redundant path/result verbs constitute double-framing structures that twice encode the framing information, and the non-motion case, i.e., the “synthetic verb + result verb” structure, supplements Croft et al.’s (2010) classification that only includes the motion case, so that Chinese synthetic verbs complement the discussion on double-framing structures.

杜静：In this paper, we further investigate whether the association between lexical diversity and language typology is manifest in a similar way in the semantic domain of separation events by focusing on Mandarin, Russian and Korean. Our results suggest that: (1) Separation expressions support the diversity-typology correlation proved in motion expressions because the two S-languages Mandarin and Russian demonstrate richer lexical diversity than the V-language Korean; (2) It is further pointed out that apart from language typology, lexical diversity is influenced by multiple factors including lexical resources, conceptual salience, event construal, and event type; (3) Though typologically different, these three languages, in their lexical naming of separation events, are constrained by the biomechanical structure and follow the principle of prototypicality.

徐萌敏：Multivariate modeling reveals that the Mandarin locative alternation is not only influenced by semantic predictors like affectedness and telicity, but also by previously unexplored syntactic and language-external constraints, such as complexity and animacy of locatum and location, accessibility of locatum, pronominality, definiteness of location, length ratio and register. Notably, the effects of affectedness, definiteness and pronominality are broadly parallel in both the Mandarin locative alternation and its English counterpart. We thus contribute to theorizing in corpus-based variationist linguistics by uncovering the probabilistic grammar of the locative alternation in Mandarin Chinese, and by identifying the constraints that may be universal across languages.

刘娜：In this paper, we apply the event integration theory and its latest development, The Macro-event Hypothesis (Li 2020, 2023), to account for the development of the causative verb 使-shǐ-make (SHI for short) in Chinese. This study reveals that, firstly, the multi-functional behavior of SHI represents a typical case of grammaticalization, with a full verb acquiring the role of conjunction and expressing abstract meanings. Secondly, the semantic division of the causative and non-causative uses of SHI in Contemporary Chinese is the most clear-cut. Thirdly, causative SHI shows a greater level of semantic bleaching, and the construction profiles a single causal activity and has a higher degree of event integration when compared to its lexical verbal use. The constructional grammaticalization of SHI confirms that event integraion is key to its development.

近期，System期刊再次推出“全球背景下的语言测评素养”专刊，旨在探讨全球不同区域、不同教育背景下的语言测评素养理论及实践。我们本土的测评素养研究近些年取得了哪些进展？本期栏目跟大家分享3篇发表在国际重要期刊上的针对我国外语教师的测评素养研究。

闫逊、范劲松：该论文探讨了背景和经验因素对不同利益相关者的语言测评素养（LAL）水平和发展的影响。研究对我国的语言测试专业人员、大学和中学英语教师以及研究生三个利益相关群体共20名参与者进行了半结构化访谈。研究结果表明，LAL在群体和个体层面上均存在差异。在群体层面，语言测试研究人员和学生比英语教师更熟悉测评的概念；然而，英语教师能够理解并将这些概念与测评实践联系起来。在个体层面，每位参与者都经历了不同的LAL发展历程，但在发展模式上也体现出一些共性。基于研究结果，该论文提出了基于测评经验、受具体测评背景调节和影响的LAL发展模型

 

孙海洋、张晶：研究发现，参与教师的语言测评相关活动经历非常有限，他们对自己的LAL水平不满意，对语言测评各维度的知识和培训均有迫切的需求。教师大学或研究生阶段所学的专业领域对其LAL有显著的多元主效应，语言学专业相较于其他专业LAL水平更高。研究还发现，语言测评经历与LAL之间存在中度相关性，测评知识积累和测评培训经历可以显著预测教师当前的LAL水平。这些结果对大学英语教师的语言测评培训具有重要的参考意义，可以使培训更具有针对性，提高培训的效果和效率。

 

崔雅琼、刘云龙、于华、高原：本研究追踪了三位学术英语教师如何借助智能测评工具辅助的课堂评估，在多轮开发学术英语诊断性测试试题的过程中提升语言评估素养。本文发现，教师在基于课堂实践的试题开发过程中，能通过学生的成绩反馈及课堂互动不断反思试题开发过程，修改试题内容和形式，提升了试题的信度和效度，从而提高了测评素养。与学生的访谈和教师的反思也进一步表明，教师的出题质量有了明显提升，试题与教学目标也更加契合，教师开发试题的信心也逐渐增强，这些都反映出教师的语言测评素养有所提升，并促进了其专业发展。

 

革命文化话语与传播研究

 

当前，面对世界百年未有之大变局，国际话语权的争夺愈发激烈，如何增强革命文化的国际影响力和感召力，建构起先进的革命文化传播范式，成为话语与传播研究领域的一项重要议题。吴赟、蒋庆胜（2021）梳理了建党百年来革命文化传播的成就与经验，从内容、方式、渠道等方面聚焦革命文化的传播发展。袁小陆（2023）回顾了延安时期中国革命的国际传播成功经验，总结出“友人”媒介对国际形象的构建与传播的重要作用。毛延生、喻倩（2020）从文化语用学视角出发，就红色文化语用属性、文化语用语境、文化语用建构三个方面为中国红色文化话语传播建言献策。

——南京邮电大学 袁周敏

吴赟、蒋庆胜：在国家对外传播需求日益高涨、融媒体格局快速形成的新形势下，培养跨界复合型“多语种+”人才显得尤为迫切。相应地，做好革命文化国际传播规划，彰显中国共产党革命文化价值；坚持宏观主题与微观叙事相结合，不断丰富共产党革命文化传播内容；考虑共产党革命文化传播的变通性，开拓中国红色故事的多模态叙事方式；采取分众化传播机制，更新共产党革命文化融媒体传播渠道；培养革命文化传播人才队伍，建立多层次的中外文化对话机制就成为未来我党革命文化对外传播的重点方向。

 

袁小陆：延安时期中国共产党的形象建设及国际传播，以打破国民党消息封锁为首要任务，以国际友人的援助为契机，以讲好“根据地故事”为主要内容，以宣传中国共产党积极正面的革命形象为最终目标。在国际友人和边区人民坚持不懈的努力下，中国共产党塑造了良好国际形象。当今中国国际形象的构建与国际传播同样离不开国际友人这一“海外媒介”，应充分发挥国际友人的“媒介”作用，为我国深入改革、深化发展创造良好稳定的国际环境。

 

毛延生、喻倩：中国红色文化话语是话语背后社会与文化因素共同作用的结果。中国红色文化话语如果想达到理想的以言成事效果，就必须结合现实文化语境因素，了解话语背后的文化使命，提高中国文化话语行为的合理性、合适性与可行性。这在红色文化话语的文化语用语境分析中表现得更为明显。我们相信，在中国红色文化与话语建构的界面研究中，文化语用学视角具有独特的学科优势，这也是新时代文化语用研究助力国家话语体系的重要契机。

 

数字文学与书写

 

二十世纪六十年代，数字文学（或译“电子文学”）在欧美兴起，这种新兴的文学类型不仅给读者，也给文学批评与研究界带来了冲击。计算机媒介进入文学研究领域，在与文学的相互作用中呈现出新现象、新问题。时至今日，学界已探索出多种数字文学审美理论，一方面从数字文学外部特征入手，坚持文学性与媒介属性，强调文学新形式、新结构，塑造新美学；另一方面从数字文学运行机制入手，强调跨学科研究，注重人机交互影响下形成的新文学风格和审美体验。与此同时，数字虚拟时代也帮助我们重新审视作为文学观念具象化物质条件和基础的书写技术和媒介自身，从书写的角度入手，也可探讨数字文学研究的新问题与新动向。数字文学研究的书写理论与跨媒介创作中的书写实践，则为未来的书写研究开启了新的进路。

王涛：站在当下回望从手抄本向大规模印刷过渡的过程，其间书写技术的物质性逐渐成为作为媒介的物质性，而随着“古腾堡革命”成果的普及，人与物质性的书写活动间的关系也越来越疏远。时至今日，不断涌现的各种新媒介以及不断走向成熟的数字技术，又带来了新的书写技术、视觉隐喻媒介和虚拟空间，除了延续印刷文本所具有的书写心灵的能力，更实现了与机器的共同协作书写，甚至建立了一种基于人脑协作的视觉—思维反馈环，从而构成了一种新的文本和文学的生成机制。数字文学也因此成为二十一世纪新的研究焦点。

 

陈静：海尔斯提出的媒介—特性分析无疑是一种可为借鉴的思路，这不仅因其兼顾了跨学科理论的普遍性与文学作品批评的实践性，提供了诸多行而有效且具有说服力的批评成果，更重要的是，媒介—特性分析为数字时代的文艺研究提供了一种新的思路：以媒介脉络重新看待技术与艺术、书写与文本、语言与主体、再现与创造等文艺创作的“元”问题，更进而从数字时代的媒介—特性分析去回溯、反思印刷时代的文艺理论批评及观念，这对于建设性地重构长久以来占据主流的基于印刷书籍、人本主义、启蒙主义的文艺理论观念，具有积极的意义。

 

李斌：传统文学与数字文学并非仅是语言风格、叙事方式、传播载体和文学语境等方面的区别。从媒介视角看，由传统文本转变为数字文本，对于文学叙事风格和审美体验也有重要影响。无论是科技网络社会、程序架构、机器结构还是电子阅读模式，都展现出媒介属性对于数字文学审美研究的影响。正是数字媒介技术独特的媒介特征，如程序化、数字化、超链接等，使数字文学在文学叙事、文学阅读、文学审美等角度与传统文学呈现差异化。

 

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