开展合作教学，探索课堂魅力

——有效课堂的教学与研究Designing Cooperative Learning for the EFL Classroom研修班

8月15-16日，北京由炎热渐入凉爽，有效课堂的教学与研究（三）Designing Cooperative Learning for the EFL Classroom研修班于此际成功举行。本期研修班也是外研社暑期教师系列研修活动的最后一期。

澳大利亚悉尼大学教育学院副院长沈惠忠教授和澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学教育学院讲师Margaret Kettle远赴重洋，为参班教师讲授合作学习的理论方法与实践应用。

了解学生，有效开展合作学习活动

合作学习是一种具有目标导向、鼓励同伴之间互助合作、学生积极参与的学习活动，它是一种富有创意性和实效性的教学理论与策略。沈惠忠教授引导参班教师们理解合作学习的内涵，并阐释了它的理论与实践基础。

许多教师都存在这样的疑问，合作学习与外语课堂上经常开展的小组活动不同么？针对这一问题，沈教授和Kettle博士表达了他们的看法：合作学习的内涵远不止小组活动，而小组活动里包含合作学习。沈教授通过几个活动设计让大家亲身体会合作学习的策略方法。几个充满趣味、构思巧妙的活动，不仅激发了课堂的互动气氛，也锻炼了语言能力、逻辑能力、空间能力等多方面能力。沈教授接着介绍了多元智能（Multiple Intelligence）理论，指导大家在课堂上了解学生特点，开展多种活动、通过多种途径帮助学生学习。

专注课堂，设计活动提升教学效果

沈教授主要结合学生的特点讲授合作学习理论与实践，Kettle博士则从教师的角度出发，侧重谈如何“教”。

Kettle博士以课堂对话教学（Dialogical Teaching）为切入点。对话教学利用课堂对话激励学生参与互动、激发学生思考并提高他们的学习和理解能力。她强调，语言在课堂中构建了授课内容、维持着交互关系、传达着个人表现，教师应该在课堂中利用叙述、讲解、提问、分析、讨论、沟通等多种方式设计对话环节，实现合作学习和教学。

Kettle博士特别注意活动细节，她独具匠心的活动设计让教师们体会到了课堂的趣味和魅力；她还特别准备了课堂教学的案例来和教师们讨论对话教学的效果。在教学中，教师不仅教授学生了课本知识，还协助他们了解社会关系、探索自我认知，增强各方面能力。

快乐实践，研修本身就是教学方案

第一天的研修结束，有教师在研修日志中写道，“如何有效地在中国课堂教学中运用合作学习与教学？”

第二天研修中，教师们开始领会到，这次研修课堂本身就是解决实际教学问题的良好方案。

为了加强研修班的实践性、深化教师们对合作学习的理解，两位专家在讲授理论的同时始终注重引导教师广泛参与和实践。教师们比较关心在大学英语的大班教学中，有效的合作学习如何实施？本期研修班上，300名教师被分为10个组。在专家大班讲授中，专家充分利用小组开展活动、进行提问、激发小组间和组内的活力；在小班教师讨论时，小组内部成员分工不同，有组长、有汇报者、有记录者、有参与成员。研修班上大家基于平时使用的教材展开活动设计，有教师应用合作学习的策略后深有体会地感慨道：“从未感觉到教材用得这么顺手，教学材料和活动安排这么高效！”

合作学习犹如一股清风给教师们带来教学反思和启迪。什么时候应用合作学习策略？沈教授指点迷津：“在需要的时候。”合作学习不能解决教学中产生的所有问题，它只是解决问题的一种思路。本期研修班旨在为大家介绍这一策略，提供学习、讨论和探索的机会。Kettle博士也一语点道：“If you do it, you learn it!”

到本期研修班为止，外研社暑期系列教师研修圆满落下了帷幕。自7月13日至8月16日，由北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心和外研社联合举办的“高等学校外语学科中青年骨干教师高级研修班”于北京和西安两地共举办10期，来自全国各地的2000余名高校教师怀着执着的信念和求知的热情汇聚一堂、交流分享，共同度过了一个充实而美好的夏天。祝愿您学有所思、思有所获、用有所成！也希望您继续关注“高等学校外语学科中青年骨干教师高级研修班”其余主题的研修安排，我们期待与您再相聚！

● Prof. Shen's lecture gave me a clear and systematic picture of cooperative learning. I was impressed by his humorous speech. Margaret’s story and summary was also amazing.

3-24

● I’ve really reaped the benefits from Prfo. Shen’s presentations of theoretical bases and relevant classroom activities concerning cooperative learning. Thus, I’m encouraged to let my students engage in well-designed cooperative activities in teaching process with purpose to cultivate their multiple intelligence and creative thinking.

3-3

● From the first day’s lecture, I learned the MI theory and some ways to apply the theory to classroom activities. Also I gained the opportunity to communicate with many English teachers from all over the country, which is fantastic to discuss some questions and share our teaching experience together.

● The speech made me know about the teacher should be a participant, monitor, supervisor and problem-counselor in English classroom. As a teacher, we should provide more opportunities to our students to take part in the CL, which involves various types of group work and other activities.

Group 3

● Dr. Shen and Dr. Margaret ‘s rich content, vivid materials and enthusiastic effort to involve us are truly impressive. The systematic introduction to cooperative learning, Horward Garner’s MI theory greatly broadened my understanding of the essence of cooperative learning, which set me thinking deeply about my past teaching experiences especially in respect to the implementation of CL.

9-29

● This is a very professional, motivational and academic training program. It leads us into an informational and systematical English world.

5-28

● For me, Margaret presented a very good method-dictogloss to practice in college English teaching, which would be supposed to add fresh air in my future English classes.

7-14

● 收获之多不可数算，最颠覆我自己原有思想的是: Testing doesn’t make a student learn more, teaching does.

5-22

● It was very interesting to discuss in small groups. Everyone was actively involved in the discussion. We learned a lot from each other. I think it is the most charming aspect of cooperative learning.

10-18

● Fresh ideas trigger effective teaching. The theories can make teacher more conscious of the approaches they use to design their classes. The workshop is quite instructive.

7-6

● I'm impressed by a type of dictation-dictogloss, that’s quite different from the testing dictation. Students can learn from each other about missing words, grammar, structure so that they may get an outline of a beautiful article.

● Today's lesson has brought me many interesting ideas. One of them is to allow me to think-listening is not testing. As I was stuck into such a black hole for a long time, the text and the listening strategies should be placed at an earlier time.

8-4

● 针对不同层次的学生如何开展小组活动，在互动中对于口语较弱的学生会有一定的提高。

1-23

● The most important gains from today’s learning experience is a new perspective on learning and task design which I think will be very helpful in my teaching.

1-7

● 两位老师的授课再次印证了“因材施教”的在必要与重要。

1-30

● 今天的学习使自己认识到在教学中应注重发展学生的各项智能和能力，而不仅侧重学生的语言技能，在设计课堂活动时应更多地融入活动以培养学生的音乐、肢体活动以及人际交往技能。

10-14

● 首先，研修班理论与实践的结合效果非常好，其次，通过研修班可以结识全国各地教师并互通有无，可以拓宽视野，最后，通过学习与交流，可以认识自己的不足，找出努力方向。

6-5

● What I learned from Margaret's presentation seemed to have solved some of my puzzles such as what is dialogical teaching, how is it different from traditional teacher's talk, how can it be organized, etc.

9-29

● Today's lecture has enriched my way of teaching. Dr. Margret explained dialogic teaching very clearly. I’m sure this teaching method will prove to be effective in listening and speaking class.

6-20

● From Dr. Kettle's lecture, I know some new and effective approaches to design classroom activities and the ideas of the latest research.

● What have left a great impression on me are those well-designed activities during teaching different skills. I’m also deeply interested in the interaction of the principles of dialogic teaching and cooperative learning in actual teaching process.

3-3

● I also agree that questioning is important and needs certain skills. As the organizer and guide in class, teacher should do a lot of preparation work beforehand.

1-1

● The workshop is very constructive and enlightening, which benefits me a lot. I’ve got a new insight into grammar teaching by dictogloss. I’ve also got a glimpse of the combination of dialogic teaching with cooperative learning.

1-4

● I've learned a lot from Dr. Margaret Kettle about teaching approaches. I like your teaching style very much, because you're very energetic, passionate and good at teaching with body language. Most important, you give me a new perspective about teaching, such as teaching by “talk, understanding and application of cooperative learning in classroom, etc.

2-6